Egg Incubation Humidity

The Brinsea company’s incubation instructions are very informative on every aspect of the incubation process.  Following are some of the things I learned.

The egg needs to lose between 13% to 15% between the time of laying and pipping.

There are two guides that help indicate correct humidity:

  1. The air cell increases as incubation proceeds.  To see this you should candle the eggs.
  2. The other indicator is weight loss.

There are two controllable factors that influence humidity:

  1. The amount of water surface area.
  2. The amount of fresh air that that the incubator draws in.

After the Ice by Paul Crenshaw – a review

There are few days in each of our lives that would be clearly remembered if it weren’t for the startling events of that day.  Ice, bright sun, dirty rivulets washing across the road would all blend with another day such as it, except for an event that will never leave one’s mind’s eye.

Paul Crenshaw tells the story of a family tragedy.  A little boy murdered by his step-father.  An endless personal journey for him, where emotions and sentiments speed up at times with rage and at other times slow to allow a glimpse of compassion or forgiveness but without stopping to let them into the mental mirage.  The author collected newspaper articles and microfilm reels in an attempt to review and understand what happened in those haunting days many years ago.  With courage that was suppressed for sometime by trepidation, Paul let the information sit for a long while before opening up the cans.

The little boy, a nephew of 18 months, died from child abuse.  The step-father was convicted of first-degree murder.  The author speaks of having a place within himself deeper than sadness as he reviews the material, it seems he is talking about some kind of wished for mental mechanism that allows him to remember and evaluate but that holds his simple sentiments in check, keeping them from careening to a place where there will be a loss of emotional control.  Images of the murderer and the murdered do not go away.  Images, detailed images, remain and emote and haunt and never quite leave one’s mind’s eye.

The memory of the day of the funeral once again introduced the existence and metaphor of ice.  A bleary memory of the funeral, an eager escape from a stifling house where men spoke of violence, and the writer’s aimless walk away into the woods, away from the sounds that accompany death, into the soothing cold.  Freezing air, a fickle air confused of its role of either rain or snow, and the early dark that served as a companion to thoughts which required no light.  His reluctant return was respected by solemn silence, except for the ice on the leaves which seemed to accompany him to the misted glow of his grandmother’s house porch light.

Memories of the nephew’s life before death are filled with snippets of the real and fill in the blank imaginaries which help to carve continuity for Paul’s imaginings.  Having never been in the house where the boy was murdered, a detailed layout of the inside of the house is imagined.   Not knowing the precise details of what happened on that fateful day, a scenario is painted with precision.  Images of overgrown, neglected, and empty pepper the section where the imagination takes over for the missing bits.

The most poignant piece for me is when the author tells of his own remarkable family event of consequence.  His young daughter is thought to have a deformed skull.  Panic and fear set in for both parents.  Tests are done and trepidation rises.  However, as it is for so many soap-operatic occurrences in today’s modern medicine, this was a false alarm.   Their daughter’s skull was normal.  The doctor’s skull is the one that needed examining.   The point he makes here is that after this near tragic event, which turned out OK, he has no memory of what kind of day it was, how bright the snow was, how the mud mingled with the rivulets.

Memories and imaginings both strain to have another constraint added.  Why couldn’t there be a way for fond memories of both the murdered and murderer be kept separate from the events that came after?  Why can’t forgiveness intervene and allow for peaceful remembering and silent forgetting?  Why can’t sense be made out of the senseless as opposed to murder invading the laughter of a Thanksgiving day?  The events watched and waved at fail to foretell the future.

The author’s father has not spoken his grandson’s name since.  Sometimes the two of them would stand together late at night in silence, staring into their thoughts, into whatever dreams they could not handle.  The family does not mention the grandson’s name.  The grave site is unknown to Paul.  He would visit that place but he fears it would be for his own comfort and that saddens him about himself.  The haunting continues in his own life with his own daughters.  He stands in silence in their bedrooms as they sleep.  He is there in the morning when his wife gets up.  He cannot explain.

His imagination returns to the step-father.  How did they pick him up and put him in prison?  How did the arrival and days after go?  Sometimes the thoughts are tinged with sympathy if not forgiveness.  Other times they are painted red, with vengeance in mind, and the possibilities of being incarcerated with violent men.  Each frame of this mind clip takes place on a cold day.

He contrasts his dour imaginings with those brighter as he writes about his adult family life.  The closeness of his parents to them emotionally and the love for their own daughters.  As he starts to flick through a box of photos, it’s not clear, at first, whether they are of the lost nephew.  It turns out to be of his own young girls and his reflections.  Somehow he concludes that he is less wise as the years go past.

The author Paul Crenshaw closes with foreboding moments.  First the imagined crying of the nephew in the house where he was to die.  Then a real life moment in a grocery store where Paul worked and the step-father and nephew came in.  The little boy was crying until Paul picked him up.  He returned to crying when handed back to the step-father.  The young man, though not expressing it, indicates that he may feel guilty that he did not foresee the events that would take place a few months hence.

Auscultation by Steven Church – a review

Auscultation, the meaning of the title only approximates the meaning of this editorial’s content.  Listening to the sounds of the body – serves as a definition for the title word, but listening FOR the sounds of life better serve this fine piece and might serve as a subtitle.  The editorial is divided into four sections, each numbered as Chamber #, which brings to mind the components of the heart, the ultimate indicator of body life via body sound.  Though the protagonist here is the ear, the heroine is the heart and the vignettes to be described can be ranged from heart-wrenching to endearing.

Chamber 1:  Six miners are buried alive far below.  Without sight or direct communication, electronic ears are erected and seismic sounds are listened for – in vain.  The search for life is ceremonially begun with three small explosions at the surface which serve to communicate to the miners to make noise which will indicate their health to those above.  All listeners heard no sound and the rescue was abandoned with little ceremony except the sealing of the tomb of the silent six.

Chamber 2: You are brought back in time to your first doctor’s exam using a stethoscope.  The feelings of the device on your body.  The gentle instructions issued by the doctor and followed by you.  The silence, except for breath, as your body sang its tune of condition into the black flexible tubes, giving clues to the ear, and a diagnosis to only a skilled doctor.  What your body told the listener and what the listener told you would be the legacy of your visit and the path of your health.

Chamber 3: The stethoscope is a product of centuries of medicine’s quest to extract sounds from deep within the body where prying eyes cannot see.  From rudimentary to refined, the listening device has progressed from a monaural horn, to a bin aural listening device, to an electronic noise translator.  Still less than perfect, doctors train their ears on classical music – learning to discern the individual instruments.  Further, a doctor’s emblem is his stethoscope, and the sight of it serves as his good word.

The author tells of doctor and parents gathered around a fetal heart monitor awaiting the news of life.  The doctor acknowledging the noise as normal.  The author accepting that “It begins” with those first sounds.  He did not feel like a father until the heart noises registered in his ear.  That tap-tap-tap signal of life we cannot see and can in no other way sense.

Chamber 4: Nine miners are buried alive far below.  Without sight or direct communication, the trapped men listen for sounds from the surface – the ceremonial three small explosions at the surface – but don’t hear anything.  The trapped men continue to pound on the roof bolts but they get no response.  At the surface the drill operator finally punches through into the cavity and then quiets the gathered crowd.  He feels or hears the rhythmic sound of the trapped men hammering at the steel.  Life is detected and lives are saved from a place not seen but heard.

Port-au-Prince: The Moment by Mischa Berlinski – editorial review

Disaster knocks softly on one’s door before breaking it down.  This is how Mischa Berlinski introduces us to the horrific earthquake in Haiti, 2010.  Frightening sounds without source.  The foundations of the elite and the impoverished at once blended in a swirl of nature’s chaos.  Secret gardens exposed to everyone still standing…but only for the moment.  The author spinning, dizzied, seeing horror in rapid flashes as if seated in a slideshow.  Rushing in controlled panic (the author coining the term “reptilian optimism”) to his family at home, the young husband and father found his wife in mixed but joyful tears and his baby well and collected, calm.  As if in Jericho, a modern day Joshua blew his trumpet, and the high walls of P-a-P came tumbling down – all of them.  Though the situation was dire, as survivors gathered near the residence of the prime minister, the closeness emitted the contrary sounds of fragile gaiety in the moody air.  Stoic men vanished from the scene as the colorful emotions of the women dominated the sights and sounds and scenes of loss.

Communication ranged from none to spotty.  A cell phone might be found that connected but it might not have any prepaid minutes remaining.  Between the mundane programming, foreign radio stations reported, over seemingly long intervals, the quake in Haiti, first the occurrence, upgrading the adjective later to massive, and finally, hopefully, to the penultimate adjective: catastrophic.  This assessment being trumped by the declaration of a local priest – “fin des temps“.  Waiting for international response, the masses swayed on this island earth between the jolts of aftershocks.  Sounds lacking for this monumental tragedy included the absence of sirens coming to aid, the hissing of helicopters wishing to rescue.  Sounds tracking the night were those of prayer.  The darkness seemed to covet the mourning until dawn when the sun alerted those still murmuring on their knees that their struggle was to begin again and that each was exhausted.

Ruination dominated the hysterical hearsay, facts probably embedded.  What was left standing?  Curiosity out paced good sense to the hopeful skeptic.  The author ventured out to gather his own evidence at his own peril.  Sensed along his path to knowing, Mischa noticed that the odor of mass decomposition could not compete with that of massive human waste.   Sight awed at the collapse of all man’s structures thus burying the individual demise of many men,women, and children.  However, unavoidably, a mangled corpse struggled and emerged to be viewed.  Eyes wide.  Guts displayed.  Face powdered with the offal of the aforementioned collapses.  The green lawns of luxury hotels held the wounded in lawn chairs.  Foreigners, who had made contact with their country of origin and whose country cared about that individual, might be rescued by helicopter.  Elites reestablishing themselves atop the ruin as soon as conditions permitted.

With Mother Nature chortling in the background at the commencing nonsense, the blame game began to play out.  Aristide, his enemies, the elites…  The much maligned UN was there from the prior man-made disaster with its guns to contain perpetual chaos.  Nature was there to impose her enduring order.   Mr. Berlinski found his way to an impasse, within the impasse sat collapse, under the impasse lay Haiti’s destiny.  Dying but not dead.  Choking but still breathing.  Hopeless but still praying.

Electron Configuration Notation

Electrons orbit an atom.  There are normally the same number of total electrons in orbit around the atom as there are protons present in the atom’s nucleus.   Why is this important?

EC helps:

  • Predict what kind of bonding will occur with a particular element and show exactly which electrons are being used.
  • Show why certain elements behave in similar ways.

The Impact of Acid Deposition

Acid Deposition

Normal rainwater has a pH of 5.6 because the carbon dioxide in the air combines with water to to give a weak solution of carbonic acid.

When fossil fuels burn, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with water to produce sulfuric and nitric acids, causing acid rain.

Impact on Lakes

Acid rain in Canada and New England has caused hundreds of lakes to be devoid of fish, and in some cases, any life at all.

Impact on Forest

In New England and the southern Appalachians, millions of acres of high elevation forests have been devastated (by acid rain.

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the main precursors of acid rain, have been steadily decreasing in the United States due to clean air legislation and strict emission limits.

Impact on Humans and Structures

Inhaling dry sulfate and nitrate particles appears to increase the occurrence of respiratory illnesses, such as asthma.  Buildings and monuments made of limestone and marble break down when exposed to acid rain.  The paint on homes and automobiles is likewise degraded.

Damage is decreased because of efforts to reduce chemicals that contribute to acid rain.

Conclusions from article and graph.

Acid rain emissions are trending downward.

Using less fossil fuels and capturing or converting the pollutants might help reduce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.

Acid rain converts mercury in lake bottom sediments to toxic methyl mercury.  Reducing acid rain emissions is essential to keep mercury from accumulating in fish.

 

Characteristics of Life

Dear Grandchildren

You ask…if snakes are mean,
..If turkeys hate Thanksgiving,
When “you know what happens”
..Does grandpa fear not living?

I’ll answer with rhyme of science,
..And leave feelings out for now.
It’s called biology
..The study of life it’s WOW!

You find in biology,
..an infinity of form.
Of function too, some funky ooh,
..Play with me, surprises are the norm

While some births are vomited
..Others violent.
Sometimes they’re born in trillions,
..Some are brief like rent.

Mating can occur
..Between an orchid and a bee.
Octopus solve problems
..With a brain that’s like a pea.

Life begins non-living
..With stuff it forms a cell
Some cells live independent
..A single life lived well.

Others clump together,
..We can’t tell who’s the wife.
Co-habitation suits them,
..Or not, but they serve life.

When many cells are similar,
..A tissue do they form.
Then tissues make up organs,
..Together they perform.

All these organs make an -ism,
..An organism birthed.
You may not think too much of some,
..Mother Nature knows their worth.

When organisms look alike,
..And really get along…
They tend to group together,
..To a population they belong.

Out back in the forest,
..Are animals and plants.
They form community,
..Picnicking with the ants.

In all they love the world outdoors,
..Weather, wind and rain.
A sphere within Earth’s sphere,
..Biosphere’s the name.

Life starts out really simple,
..Well, it’s not really life at all.
But then emerges complex mighty,
..Organizing the collected raw.

It’s just those raw materials,
..That manufacture life.
And they also must maintain it,
..To get life through life’s strife.

Nutrients, we call it food,
..Are organism’s friend.
They eat so they have energy,
..And thus their life extends.

The shining source of energy,
..Comes to plants from the sun.
Green ones magically change it,
..Then share with everyone.

Sun combines with soil,
..Producing food for us organics.
Food eats then we eat,
..A food chain’s base mechanics.

Plants turn in-organic,
..Into organic matter.
The cycle runs until it stops,
..Putting meat upon the platter.

Rain and sun determine much,
..From desert to coral reef.
Where they are abundant,
..Populations squeal and squeak.

While dry and dark communities,
..Exist in stark relief.
They seem to lack life on the surface,
..But team with it beneath.

Life requires balance,
..With tolerance the key.
Like temperature and moisture,
..Don’t forget acidity.

It’s those tissues mentioned earlier,
..And their organ system nerves.
That keep us all from crashing,
..Cashing food out of reserve.

Living things respond to things,
..that live and that live not.
Like environmental changes,
..And distant things that rot.

Some respond with movement,
..Ensuring they survive.
Behavior begets balance,
..Gets honey for the hive.

Life must bring more life,
..Reproduction it is called.
You might say mold develops,
..Offspring in it’s mold.

Single cells don’t marry,
..But they always have to split.
Multi-cell organics pair,
..Egg to sperm permit.

The reproduced new package,
..Instructions tucked inside.
Through genes offspring are similar,
..But different by design.

DNA is like a map,
..Within the gene’s deep pocket.
It turns genes on and off,
..Like many lights and sockets.

The difference you seem to see,
..Mutations they are called.
Inheritable changes,
..Variations sometimes bold.

Staggering diversity,
..Among identicals.
Allow inheritance,
..and better life all toll.

When mutation meets environment,
..Adaptation is its name.
Some feathers fly and others blubber.
..Survival is the game.

Environs change and so do we,
..If we’re improved then we’re evolved.
If we stay the same we lose,
..extincted by the stall.

Pinch a seed or hold an egg,
..Then pick up any stone.
One hand holds life’s potential,
..The other can’t be cloned.

Birth she is uncertain,
..But her conditions are finite.
And death is always certain,
..We live between these plights.

Love

 

Your Yopa

 

Microscopy Today

Cells were not discovered until the seventeenth century, when the microscope was invented.

Three different microscopes produce images for different purposes:

  • Compound: for viewing by human eye.
  • Transmission Electron (TEM): for photographic film.
  • Scanning Electron (SEM): three dimensions.

Magnification, Resolution and Contrast

  • Magnification…The path of light rays and electrons moving through space is wavelike but the wavelength of electrons is much shorter than the wavelength of light.
  • Resolution… is the minimum distance between two objects that allows them to be seen as two separate objects.
  • Contrast… a difference in the shading of an object compared to its background.

Illumination, Viewing, and Recording

The human eye can view microscopic images when:

  • Light rays are bent (refracted) and brought to focus as they pass through glass lenses.
  • Electrons are directed toward a screen that are sensitive to their presence.

Confocal Microscopy… can create a three-dimensional image from a laser beam scanning across a specimen and producing a series of optical sections.

Video-enhanced Contrast Microscopy… a television camera converts the light image into an electronic image, which can be entered into a computer.  The computer makes the darkest areas of the original image darker and the lightest areas of the original much lighter.

 

 

Epigenetics

Same but not the same – the role of Epigenetics

Two people with the same genes can be different.  Scientists attribute this to nature (genes) and nurture (lifestyle & environment).  A third force affecting overall welfare, a bridge between nature and nurture, is epigenetics.

DNA methylation (a methyl group attaches to the cytosine base of DNA) weakens a gene, transcription cannot occur.

Epigenetics are heritable changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.  Chemical reactions due to environmental exposures influence how genes are turned on or off (strengthened or weakened).

Discordant diseases in identical twins have different DNA methylation on certain genes.

Anxiety and calmness can be created by injecting or removing methyl groups with drugs.  Epigenetic medicines could correct or reverse disorders.

Questions to Consder

  1.  How does epigenetics affect transcription and translation?

Methyl group attachment prevents transcription and the gene can not translate.

2.  What lifestyle choices most likely negatively impact a person’s epigenetics?

 

Smoking dope may be fun

and more when you add beer.

Sex is even better

and those piercing look so dear.

Add a back tatoo,

and start to cut yourself.

Soon your twin won’t look the same,

and you’ll become an elf.

 

Possibly, another answer is:

 

If one twin trips to Chernobyl

and the other lips Liberia,

The methyl grips upon their genes

is worse than bland hysteria.

WHAT DID I LEARN?

A parent should allow nature and apply nurture but the environment always holds a trump card – and its blowin’ in the wind.  Class mates and food takes can grab your tikes by the genes and never let go.  It’s no wonder non-twins from the same parents with the more or less same nature and nurture grow up to become so different when you consider all of the environmental factors which are out of the parents control and growing, literally, out of control.

 

 

College Algebra – Review of Basic Concepts

  1. Sets
    1. Basic Definition: sets written using {}, element of set E, not element of a set E, name sets with capital letters (ex. S), infinite set=unending list of distinct elements, finite set=limited number of elements, natural (counting) numbers, ellipsis points (…) the list of elements of the set continues according to the established pattern, a variable (ex. x) an arbitrary element of the set (set builder notation)
    2. Operations on Sets: Let A and B be sets, with unversal set U.
      1. complement: A’ = {x|x E U, x E A}
      2. intersection: A ^ B = {x|x E A and x E B}
      3. union: A U B = {x|x E A or x E B}
  2. Real Numbers and their properties: A number set with only positives is Natural, add Zero (0) and it becomes set Whole, add negative natural numbers, it gives Integers.  Divide 2 non-zero integers to get a rational number.  Real numbers are on the number line.  Irrational numbers cannot be represented as quotients of integers.
    1. Set of Numbers and the Number Line
    2. Exponents
    3. Order of Operations
    4. Properties of Real Numbers
    5. Order on the Number Line
    6. Absolute Value
  3. Polynomials
  4. Factoring Polynomials
  5. Rational Expressions
  6. Rational Exponents
  7. Radical Expressions

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