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August 15, 1980

21/01/22 at 5.37am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

When a movie results in a box office disaster, what good can come of it? Did it make sounds? What sounds did it make? When a disaster fails to complete, there must be a following, right? When the disaster goes on Broadway, there must be something to it. And so it goes. Judgements by the few of concepts unfamiliar leave value wanting. Golden sounds find their way to diverse ears before mystic thoughts evolve into evolving minds.

It seems that exceptional people bear exceptional people…but not always. Ancestors surviving the holocaust bequeath perseverance. Those thrust into history’s notes yield notoriety. The credentialed expect more from their offspring. But nothing prepares a child for all that the world holds in store. The past may not be through with progeny, but the future keeps secret the journey for those young. Even the best preparation fails to ensure one’s path or one’s end.

In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
     Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round:
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Life’s journey, with sandwiches with young friends, with thoughtless expectations, with foundering beliefs, leads here. Notes written in despair. Memories clouded by years. Limitation only now acknowledged. The proof may be in the pudding, pudding being destiny and destiny out of view. Take me away but leave the best. Please Mr. please. Don’t let that good stop with one or two. Let it go on…and on.

Bless those who can ignore the present and block the past, for they might live without true suffering until the end. Abuse may make one build strong walls for survival but they must come down when the threat dies. But they don’t. They won’t. Childhood mechanisms grow into adult aberrations which stunt emotional and spiritual growth. When becomes it too late to violently tear down the walls? Listen to yourself.

Radiation Cystitis – What dat mean National Center for Biotechnology Information?

21/01/17 at 6.24am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   1 Comment

Radiation Cystitis – What dat mean National Center for Biotechnology Information?

So, THEY say I might have Radiation Cystitis…I want to understand:

What it is?

Why do they think so?

When should I get treatment?

How can treatment help me? How can treatment hurt me?

Where do I get unprejudiced, advice on the subject?

Who is the best person to inform me going forward with treatment?

Which treatment, if I’m convinced to treat, should I choose?

When I write THEY, I mean the medical community as a whole. I’ve discovered a new term for the medical community I speak of: Dogmatic Medicine. There exist only certain medicines and certain surgeries that THEY bless. All non-protocol become heresy. All heretics of such are damned. Hope I’m not sounding too dogmatic right off the club. That being said…

Radiation Cystitis describes the side effect of inflammation and subsequent destruction to the urinary bladder after the use of radiation treatment of – in this paper – prostate cancer. When the primary tumor grows in other than the bladder, radiation leads to unintentional radiation exposure to the healthy bladder tissue. Damage from the treatment can either be acute (within six months) or delayed. Mild symptoms include increased frequency, urgency, painful or difficult urination, and microscopic blood in the urine (hematuria). These symptoms can resolve over time. Harsh symptoms such as urinary incontinence, visible (gross) blood in the urine, and progression of damage to the extent of abnormal urinary tract openings or dead bladder tissue. Radiation stops cell division in cancer cells (in a tumor) and normal cells (surrounding the tumor) and also decreases blood supply to the irradiated area.

In general, the incidence of delayed radiation effects is estimated at 5% to 10%, and severe hematuria occurs 5% to 8% of the time. Once the thin layer of cells inside the urethra die and shed, urine might irritate the urinary tract, veins swell and form scar tissue and vascular restrictions. Severe complaints may include frequency, urgency, dysuria, and blood in urine. Chronic effects can occur months to years later and are caused by thickening, hardening or scarring of tissue. Visible blood (Grade 2 cystitis symptoms), include symptoms which consist of any moderate frequency, generalized spider veins, intermittent visible bleeding, intermittent involuntary urination.

Finding out whether the condition should be labeled radiation cystitis involves cystoscopy and renal ultrasound. Myself, I received brachytherapy for prostate cancer in 1999. I currently experience some of the symptoms for Grade 2 cystitis. These symptoms, while transitory in the past, manifest now as daily nuisances. The fact that these symptoms accompany my daily life calls for action. Watching and waiting continues now for multiple weeks. The dogmatic universe… talks to me right now. I just gotta listen. I know I want the goodies (to live a while longer). Welcome to the goodie room.

Workup urinalysis attempts to rule out bacterial infection and cancer. Protocol requires complete blood count and chemistry panel when historic or gross hematuria presents. Further assessment calls for scoping the bladder and renal ultrasound. Specific drugs (anticholinergic ) relieve the symptoms of Grade 2 cystitis, which includes gross bleeding. First-line treatment involves bladder irrigation and possibly heat treatment. Noninvasive oxygen therapy relieves symptoms and stops progression, with development of new blood vessels.

Known as Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), this therapy shows a 75% response rate. Patients treated within six months of hematuria onset had  96% complete or partial symptomatic resolution whereas those treated after six months had but a 66% response rate.

Possible symptoms or side effects after HBOT include fatigue and lightheadedness. More severe problems include: lung damage, fluid buildup or bursting (rupture) of the middle ear, sinus damage, changes in vision, causing nearsightedness, or myopia, oxygen poisoning, which cause lung failure, fluid in the lungs, or seizures. Side effects are generally mild as long as: therapy doesn’t last more than 2 hours, pressure inside the chamber measures less than 3 times that of the normal pressure in the atmosphere.

Failure of more conservative treatment measures leads to surgical removal of the bladder. Early detection and treatment improve outcomes.

Unprejudiced (read dogmatic) advice on what to do remains sparse as always when it comes to finding answers to medical treatment questions in these United States. Right now, the best person(s) to advise me comprise of my GP (my valued DO) and my new Urologist (my new found trust). The best treatment looks like HBOT but my opinion needs confirmation following the upcoming test results of the next days.
So how did I do?

  1. What it is? Delayed side effect from radiation treatment
  2. Why do they think so? Clinical studies and doctor experience
  3. When should I get treatment? When all the facts are in
  4. How can treatment help me? How can treatment hurt me? HBOT would help to stop the bleeding. It would hurt if HBOT is negligently applied.
  5. Where do I get unprejudiced, advice on the subject? Right now I’m twisting in the wind and must trust the medical establishment. You know…the one that treated me with radiation in the first, the other who told me I had a heart attack and the latest two who offer answers such as statins no matter what the question.
  6. Who is the best person to inform me going forward with treatment? I’m gonna go with answer “A”, my urologist…yeah…whatever he said.
  7. Which treatment, if I’m convinced to treat, should I choose? Least invasive and most trusted…HBOT…unless there’s more to know (teaser: There is…like bladder tumors).

Statin – what dat mean Wikipedia?

20/12/17 at 8.33am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Statin – what dat mean Wikipedia?

So, THEY want to put me on statins…I want to understand:

  1. what it is?
  2. why am I being herded on to it?
  3. when should I be herded on to it?
  4. how can herding me help me? how can herding me hurt me?
  5. where do I get unprejudiced, non-herding advice on the subject?
  6. who is the best person to inform me going forward without herding?
  7. which, if I’m convinced to take statins should I be herded on to?

When I write THEY, I mean every medical professional I encounter from a diddle-eyed-joe to a damned if I know. There are clinical studies which tout the benefits of statins as great and the side effects as rare. There are observational studies which find that benefits are brought into question and the risk of side effects is significantly higher than the “clinic” counter. Then there are the real life encounters with real herd people (Vern Den Herder) on “the statin”. Their experience with benefit is nil (so far) but their experience with side effects is TOTAL! That being said, I refuse to be SOLD on statins. I prefer, greatly, to be convinced.

Statins are effective in lowering LDL cholesterol. Statins reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. They are used for primary prevention in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as in secondary prevention for those who have developed cardiovascular disease. Side effects include muscle pain, risk of diabetes and abnormal blood levels of liver enzymes. Also, rare but severe adverse effects, particularly muscle damage. There are various forms of statins. The W.H.O. lists statins as an essential medicine.

In people over the age of 70, statins decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease but ONLY in those with a history of heavy cholesterol blockage in their arteries. Treatment without history of CD reduces events but provides no mortality benefit. Studies overestimate the risk and recommend statins for patients who will not benefit.

Secondary prevention is defined as those having a prior heart attack, stroke, stable or unstable angina, aortic aneurysm, or other arterial ischemic disease, in the presence of atherosclerosis. Patients with vascular diseases reported that simvastatin and pravastatin did not impact cognition. Simvastatin and pravastatin appear to have a reduced incidence of side-effects.

Only a small fraction of side effects reported by people on statins are actually attributable to the statin according to review. Evidence does not support an association between statin use and cognitive decline. The FDA includes a warning about the potential for non-serious and reversible cognitive side effects with the medication (memory loss, confusion).

In observational studies 10–15% of people who take statins experience muscle problems (pain), much higher than those seen in randomized clinical trials. CoQ10 supplements are sometimes used to treat statin-associated myopathy. Myopathy risk was over 10-fold greater if cerivastatin was used, or if the standard statins were combined with a fibrate. Lovastatin promotes muscle fiber damage.

Oh, yeah, here’s one for you: Studies have found that the use of statins may protect against getting osteoporosis and fractures OR may lead to getting osteoporosis and fractures. Dosage, THEY say, is the key.

Natural statins are produced by fungi. Most circulating cholesterol comes from internal manufacture rather than the diet. Liver cells sense the reduced levels of liver cholesterol and seek to compensate by synthesizing LDL receptors to draw cholesterol out of the circulation. Oh, I forgot to mention, this is a known fact but in reference to rabbits.

Inhibiting of lipids binding to protein molecules results in a number of unwanted side effects associated with statins. The multiple effects of statins remain controversial. Statins are divided into two groups which are fermentation derived and synthetic. Natural statins occur in foods such as oyster mushrooms and red yeast rice. The first statin agent was mevastatin produced by penicillium. As of 2016 misleading claims exaggerating the adverse effects of statins had received widespread media coverage, with a consequent negative impact to public health

So, how did I do? Did I get answers to all of my questions…let’s see:

  1. what it is? Statins are effective in lowering LDL cholesterol.
  2. why am I being herded on to it? Secondary prevention for…aortic aneurysm.
  3. when should I be herded on to it? AAA
  4. how can herding me help me? how can herding me hurt me?

Help=if prevents rupture.

Hurt=muscle pain or damage, diabetes, abnormal blood levels, memory loss

  1. where do I get unprejudiced, non-herding advice on the subject?

Critical studies not pharmaceutical company related

  1. who is the best person to inform me going forward without herding?

Non-involved doctor or scientist, non-cardiologist

  1. which, if I’m convinced to take statins should I be herded on to? Simvastatin and pravastatin

Abdominal aortic aneurysm – what dat mean Wikipedia?

20/12/06 at 5.47am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   2 Comments

Abdominal aortic aneurysm – what dat mean Wikipedia?

So, I have a triple A (AAA) = abdominal aortic aneurysm.

I want to understand:

  1. what it is,
  2. why I have it,
  3. when it becomes dangerous,
  4. how it can be fixed,
  5. where the fix is in my body, and…and…
  6. who gonna do it.

My first stop was my third cardiologist. I say third because my first cardi be tryin’ to frightin’ me into surgery. Oh, you have dangerous cholesterol levels (210). Oh, you need an immediate EKG, stress test, CT scan. Oh, you had a heart attack (shadow on the film). Second cardi be sayin’ don’t you be eatin them dead animals. Eat statins. I do. Why are you here? Where is your scan. Oh, your AAA got bigger. No biggy. Back to the third. Third cardi be sayin’ your second cardi say you havin’ all dem 140 BPs (a single instance). Statins, plaque, AAA, oh my!

AAA is enlargement of abdominal aorta to 3 cm (1.2 inches) or greater. Typically found in men over 50 who smoke. Prevention in non-smokers include treating high: blood pressure, cholesterol and weight. Surgery recommended when AAA grows to > 5.5 cm. Repair may be open surgery or EVAR. The procedure involves the placement of an expandable stent graft within the aorta to treat aortic disease without operating directly on the aorta. Risk of rupture when less than 5.5 cm is below 1% in next year.

EVAR procedure: The procedure can be performed under general, regional (spinal or epidural) or even local anesthesia. Access to the patient’s femoral arteries can be with surgical incisions or percutaneously in the groin on both sides. Vascular sheaths are introduced into the patient’s femoral arteries, through which guidewires, catheters and the endograft are passed.

Without being a smoker, genetics is the most likely explanation for a AAA. High blood pressure contributes to AAA progression. CT scan has 100% success detecting AAA. A rupture occurs when mechanical stress (peak wall stress, PWS) exceeds wall strength (peak wall rupture risk, PWRR). PWS/PWRR are more reliable than diameter in assessing rupture risk.

A diameter between 3 and 5 cm is classified as moderate. For s non-smoker the only prevention mentioned is hypertension treatment. A repeat ultrasound should be repeated every three years for diameters between 3 and 3.9. Intervention when growth is more than 1 cm/year or diameter bigger than 5.5 cm. Medication includes BP and lipid. Repair prior to 5.5 cm is not supported by evidence. EVAR has the benefit of lowering aneurysm related mortality.

A AAA under 4 cm with a growth rate of 0.39 cm/yr has a rupture risk of zero. If over 3.9 but under 5, 0.5-5%. Rupture risk accuracy improves with both PWS/PWRR. The post-operative mortality rate is 1-6% for AAA repaired before rupture.

A biomechanics based approach may be more suitable than current diameter approach. Tortuous anatomies are more complex. Protection against AAA in mice has been discovered in the lab. Another mice study showed that progression and survival can be improved with targeted treatment.

Did I accomplish my stated goals from my first paragraph? Let’s look.

  1. What is it?: AAA is enlargement of abdominal aorta to 3 cm (1.2 inches) or greater.
  2. Why is it?: I’m over 50 and may have high blood pressure (not), cholesterol (some), overweight (slightly).
  3. When is treatment? When diameter exceeds 5.5 cm and PWS exceeds PWRR.
  4. How is treatment administered? Place an expandable stent within the aorta (EVAR).
  5. Where the fix is? Under anesthesia, through the femoral artery
  6. Who gonna do it? Cardiologist who treats AAA > 5.5 cm with EVAR after using both diameter and biomechanical assessment.

By Jove, I think we’ve got it.

Tao Te Ching Etymology 49

20/11/27 at 6.43am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Tao Te Ching Etymology 49

#

Chinese.Characters

Translations:Derek.Lin/MS.word

.Sml.Sl.Scrp.

Etymology

1DL

 

The sages have no constant mind

   

1Wd

聖人無常心

The saint is errthy(earthy?) (impermanence)

   


1.1

聖

  1. Saint

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  1. Sage
  1. Evolved
  1. holy
  1. sacred

semantic 耳 (ear) + phonetic 呈

The bottom component must not be confused with 壬 or 王.

耳

ear

呈

present


1.2

人

People.

side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.

1.3

無

  1. to not have something; there is not …;There is no cloud in the sky; I don’t have any change.
  2. Negation particle preceding verbs and adjectives: not, can’t; I want nothing from you.
  3. have not; I didn’t tell him.

Interrogative particle.

A man with something long held in both hands. Dancing. This character is borrowed for “have no”, and the character 舞 is used for the original sense.

1.4

常

lasting

  1. normal; general; common
  2. constant; invariable
  3. often; frequently

phonetic 尚 + semantic 巾 (cloth).

The character originally referred to “lower garment”, before being phonetically borrowed to mean “long-lasting; frequently”. The original sense is now represented by the character 裳 (lower garment).


1.5

心

  1. heart

A picture containing shape

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  1. mind
  1. thought; idea
  1. intention
  1. center; core

Pictogram – a heart, now highly stylized.

2DL

 

They take the mind of the people as their mind

   

2Wd

以百姓心為心

Take the hearts of the people as their hearts

   

2.1

以

a preposition that expresses a boundary in spacetime or bearing; since time immemorial; The price is above one thousand yuan.

by; with; by means of; Schools should not judge students only by their results; One another treating an opposing side with the same attitude or behavior.

according to; birds of a feather flock together (lit. things will be gathered together according to category)

so as to; in order to; The public should take appropriate preventive measures against severe weather in order to minimize possible loss of life, injury and property damage.

because; because of; do not fail to commit a good act just because it is small in scale.

† therefore; thus

to use

a person (人) carrying something.

It is often simplified to 㠯 in pre-Qin ancient scripts.

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2.2

百

hundred

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numerous; countless

every; all

entirely; completely; at all

semantic 一 + phonetic 白

一

One.

白

White.


2.3

姓

Name

  1. surname; family name; clan name

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  1. to have the surname of
  1. (figurative) to belong to; to be classified as

semantic 女 (woman; female) + phonetic 生

女

woman; female

生

life

2.4

心

Heart.

See 1.5


2.5

為

  1. to do; to make; to do whatever one wants to do
  2. to administer; to govern
  3. to construct; to make
  4. (to turn, to transform) into; to; to divide into, to split into; Those two organizations have been amalgamated into single one; It will recrystallize into the original structure; He was promoted to colonel.
  5. to be (equivalent to, equal to); Unemployment is running at 20 per cent; 7 mǐ. ― It is 7 metres in width; A kilogram is two pounds.
  6. to take something as
  7. to act as; to serve as; to behave as
  8. as (in the capacity of)
  9. by

Simplified from 爲.

In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound: 又 (hand) + 象 (elephant) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (hand; claw).

Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque.

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2.6

心

Heart.

See 1.5

3DL

 

Those who are good, I am good to them

   

3Wd

善者 吾善之

Good people, I’m good

   


3.1

善

Good.

good, virtuous, charitable, kind; Antonym: 惡/恶 (è)

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(Taishanese, euphemistic) to die; 去善 [Taishanese] ― go to hell

Another form of 善 given in Shuowen is 譱. According to Shuowen, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意): 誩 (“to wrangle”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – good; virtuous. This interpretation may be difficult to comprehend.

The bronze inscription of 善 consisted of two 言 and one 羊. The 言 might have served as the phonetic component, while 羊 represented the sense “good; beautiful”. The small seal script of 善 was simplified from the bronze inscription form, consisting of one 言 below one 羊.


3.2

者

Of the; This, by

(Classical Chinese) Used at the end of a command.

(Classical Chinese) Used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term.

(literary or regional) this

(agent suffix) -er; -ist; one who …; person involved in; the things which …

Used after a number, “before” 前 (qián) or “after” 後/后 (hòu) to refer to something mentioned previously

the original character for either 煮 (to boil) or 蔗 (sugarcane). Phonetically loaned for abstract meanings.

Used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term.

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3.3

吾

My.

A picture containing shape

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(literary or dialectal) I

(literary or dialectal) my

phonetic 五 + semantic 口 (mouth)

五

Five.

口

mouth

3.4

善

Good.

See 3.1

3.5


之

of the

indicates that prev word has possession of next

Indicates that the previous word modifies next

particle indicating preceding element is specialised or qualified by the next

(archaic) Particle infixed in a subject-predicate construct indicating a subordinate clause.

† this; these

† to sprout; to come about

† to go

(literary) The third-person pronoun: him, her, it, them, when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence.

止 (foot) + 一 (the beginning place) – meaning “to go”.

止

foot

一

the beginning place; to go

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4DL

 

Those who are not good, I am also good to them

   

4Wd

不善者吾亦善之

Those who are not good are also good

   


4.1

不

  1. (preceding verbs and adj) not;

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  1. (between a verb and a comp) can’
  1. no (answer to a yes-no question);
  1. Used w 就 (jiù) indicate first of 2
  1. (colloq) Question part placed at end of sent
  1. (colloq) Intensifying part often used w 好 (hǎo)
  1. meaningless part in poems

The character 不 originated as a pictograph of the calyx of a flower. It was then composed into a phono-semantic character with the pictograph for mouth (口), to form 否, representing “no” (negation). This composed meaning then spread back to the original character 不, making it a synonym of 否. A new character of 柎 was eventually created to represent the original meaning of calyx.

Following Shuowen’s interpretation, Karlgren and Wieger interpret it as a bird flying toward the sky (一). The sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.

4.2

善

 

See 3.1

4.3

者

 

See 3.2

4.4

吾

 

See 3.3


4.5

亦

  1. also; too; likewise

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  1. only
  1. already
  1. although
  1. A surname​.
  1. meaningless particle

a human figure (compare 大) with water falling from them (roughly from arm pits). Original form of 腋 (armpit) or 液 (liquid). also; too; likewise

4.6

善

 

See 3.1

4.7

之

 

See 3.5

5DL

 

Thus the virtue of goodness

   

5Wd

德善

Virtue

   


5.1

德

virtue; morality; ethics

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favor; benevolence; kindness

mind; faith; character

semantic 彳 (road) + phonetic 惪 (virtue). 惪 is corrupted into 𢛳

彳

road

𢛳

virtue

5.2

善

Good.

See 3.1

6DL

 

Those who believe, I believe them

   

6Wd

信者 吾信之

Believer, I believe

   


6.1

信

  1. true; accurate; verifiable

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  1. truly; indeed
  1. trustworthy
  1. to believe; to trust in
  1. trust; confidence; faith
  1. to believe in; be relig
  1. at will
  1. letter (written comm)
  1. message; news; info
  1. evidence
  1. courier; messenger

人 (person) + 言 (word)

6.2

者

of the

See 3.2

6.3

吾

My.

See 3.3

6.4

信

Letter.

See 6.1

6.5

之

of the

See 3.5

7DL

 

Those who do not believe, I also believe them

   

7Wd

不信者吾亦信之

Un believers, I believe it

   

7.1

不

No.

See 4.1

7.2

信

Letter.

See 6.1

7.3

者

of the

See 3.2

7.4

吾

My

See 3.3

7.5

亦

Also.

See 4.5

7.6

信

Letter.

See 6.1

7.7

之

of the

See 3.5

8DL

 

Thus the virtue of belief

   

8Wd

德信

Morality letter; virtue belief

   

8.1

德

virtue

See 5.1

8.2

信

letter

See 6.1

9DL

 

The sages live in the world

   

9Wd

聖人之在天下歙歙焉

The saints are in the world

   


9.1

聖

Saint or sage

See 1.1

9.2

人

People.

See 1.2

9.3

之

of the

See 3.5

9.4

在

  1. to exist; to be alive

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  1. to be at; to be in; to be located
  1. be …-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)
  1. (located) in; at
  1. during; in

phonetic 才 + semantic 土 (earth).

在 was visually identical with 才 (sprout) in the oracle bone script and some of the bronze inscriptions. It may be either a phonetic loan or a figurative derivative.


9.5


天

Days.

1. sky; heavens; heavenly; celestial: sky; It’s getting dark.

2. (mythology or religion) heaven as the abode of the gods or the blessed departed; heavenly; to go up to the sky; to go to heaven; Heaven’s will

3. (mythology or religion) Heaven as an impersonal deity, often translated as God; God; Oh my God!; God helps those who help themselves.

4. top; overhead: footbridge; sunroof

5. weather; climate; weather; If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk.

6. day (24 hours): today; tomorrow; three days

7. † day (as opposed to night): daytime

8. † season: spring, summer, autumn, winter

9. nature: natural disaster

10. natural; innate: nature, personality; genius

A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms (大 (dà)). Ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.

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9.6

下

under.

  1. (lower; inferior; located below)

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  1. (to go to a lower place)
  1. (to move something to a lower place)
  1. (a short time)

to alight, to get off (a vehicle)

下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.


9.7

歙

  1. come together

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  1. meet
  1. put away
  1. store

composition ⿰翕欠

翕

friendly; compliant

欠

deficient

9.8

歙

meet

See 9.7

9.9

焉

  1. † a kind of yellow bird, found around the Yangtze and Huai Rivers

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  1. † in it; on it; to it; from it; by it; than it; here
  1. † Final modal particle, used to show a particular state or express affirmation, doubt or exclamation

phonetic 正 + semantic 鳥 (bird) ― a kind of bird

正

to go on a long journey

鳥

bird ― a kind of bird.

10DL

 

They cautiously merge their mind for the world

   

10Wd

為天下渾其心

For the world’s heart

   

10.1

為

For.

See 2.5

10.2

天

Days.

See 9.5

10.3

下

under

See 9.6

10.4

渾

Cautiously merge

  1. sound of spouting

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

  1. muddy
  1. muddled
  1. whole
  1. totally
  1. flourishing, vigorous
  1. still
  1. name of several rivers

semantic 氵 (river) + phonetic 軍


10.5

其

  1. he; she; it; they; one

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

  1. his; her; its; their
  1. † that; those
  1. † among which; therein
  1. † probably; perhaps
  1. †particle indicating intention let, shall, will
  1. † (adverb indicating a rhetorical question)
  1. † (adverb indicating imperative)
  1. † if

In the oracle bone script, it was originally 𠀠, a pictogram of a basket. In the bronze inscriptions, 丌 was added under the basket to represent a stand. It may also have acted as a phonetic component.

Later borrowed for an Old Chinese pronoun. The derivative 箕 refers to the original word.

10.6

心

Heart.

See 1.5

11DL

 

The people all pay attention with their ears and eyes

   

11Wd

百姓皆注其耳目

The people are all in their eyes and ears

   

11.1

百

Hundred.

See 2.2

11.2

姓

Name.

See 2.3


11.3

皆

(literary) all;

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

every;

everybody

比 + 白

比

than

白

White.

11.4

注

  1. to pour into; to fill

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

  1. to concentrate; to pay attention (note)
  1. (gambling) stake
  1. Classifier for sums of money, business deals.

semantic 水 (water) + phone 主

水

water

主

Main.

11.5

其

Its.

See 10.5

11.6

耳

  1. ear

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

  1. † ear-like object
  1. † an object, which like the ears, is found on both sides
  1. † handle; knob
  1. † to hear; to hear of

an ear

11.7

目

  1. (literary or Min) eye

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

  1. † eyesight
  1. † to look; to view; to see
  1. † to wink at
  1. † to judge; to comment on
  1. † opinion; viewpoint
  1. † to view as; to regard
  1. † hole; eyelet
  1. ⁜ item; entry

human eye, now rotated 90 degrees. Compare the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.

12DL

 

The sages care for them as children

   

12Wd

聖人皆孩之

Saints are children

   


12.1

聖

Saint or sage

See 1.1

12.2

人

People.

See 1.2

12.3

皆

Are

See 11.3

12.4

孩

  1. child; youngster; baby

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

  1. young and small; childish
  1. to have tender affection for
  1. to regard as a child
  2. original meaning orphan

semantic 子 + phonetic 亥

子

an image of a baby, with a large head and spread arms

亥

an animal

12.5

之

of the

See 3.5

Tao Te Ching Chapter 48 Etymology

20/11/15 at 4.14pm   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Tao Te Ching Chapter 48 Etymology

General

#

Chinese.Characters

Translations:Derek.Lin/MS.Word

Sml.Seal.Scrpt

Etymology

1DL

 

Pursue knowledge, daily gain

   

1MW

為學日益

For learning more and more

   


1.1

為

  1. to do; to make; to do whatever one wants to do
  2. to administer; to govern
  3. to construct; to make
  4. (to turn, to transform) into; to; to divide into, to split into; Those two organizations have been amalgamated into single one; It will recrystallize into the original structure; He was promoted to colonel.
  5. to be (equivalent to, equal to); Unemployment is running at 20 per cent; 7 mǐ. ― It is 7 metres in width; A kilogram is two pounds.
  6. to take something as
  7. to act as; to serve as; to behave as
  8. as (in the capacity of)

by

Simplified from 爲.

In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound: 又 (hand) + 象 (elephant) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (hand; claw).

Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque.

1.2

學

Learn.

Ancient forms: 斆, 斅. The former is constructed from the skeleton of 敎/教 (“to teach”) with the addition of two extra components: 1) a 𦥑 component around the top-left 爻 part, in this case signifying mingling hands (“hands-on learning”); 2) a 冖 (“cover”) over 子 (“child”), representing the cover of a building or school, i.e. the child learns in a roofed place. Shuowen regards 𦥑 as the phonetic component in the character, which may be true according to some Old Chinese reconstructions such as that of Pan Wuyun’s, though probably not others. See 教 for more. The earliest structure may suggest its relationship with 六, with reconstruction *rug.


1.3

日

Day.

Pictogram – the Sun. A dot or line was added in the centre to distinguish it from visually similar characters, e.g. 囗 (early form of 丁). Compare earlier forms of the character with the astronomical and astrological symbol for the Sun (☉) and the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓇳.

1.4

益

beneficial

 

水 (water) + 皿 (vessel). Original form of 溢 (to overflow).

1.4.1

利

Profit

benefit; advantage

禾 (“grain”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to reap grain (禾) with a knife (刀).

         

2DL

 

Pursue Tao, daily loss

   

2MW

為道日損

For Day Loss

   

2.1

為

For.

See 1.1

2.2

道

Road.

Phono-semantic compound: semantic 辵 (walking) + phonetic 首

C

道

Dào

Road.

S

辵

Chuò

walking

P

首

Shǒu

First.

2.3

日

Day.

See 1.3


2.4

損

Loss.

Original meaning 本义: Meaning to diminish.

English senses 英语理解: diminish; impair; injure

3DL

 

Loss and more loss

   

3MW

損之又損

Damage and loss

   

3.1

損

Loss.

See 2.4

3.2

之

of the .

Ideogrammic compound: 止 (“foot”) + 一 (the beginning place) – meaning “to go”.

3.3

又

  1. again; once more
  2. also; in addition
  3. and; too

a right hand. Original form of 右 (right).

3.4

損

Loss.

See 2.4

4DL

 

Until one reaches unattached action

   

4MW

以至於無為

so that nothing can be said

   


4.1

以

  1. a preposition that expresses a boundary in spacetime or bearing; since time immemorial; The price is above one thousand yuan.
  2. by; with; by means of; Schools should not judge students only by their results; One another treating an opposing side with the same attitude or behavior.
  3. according to; birds of a feather flock together (lit. things will be gathered together according to category)
  4. so as to; in order to; The public should take appropriate preventive measures against severe weather in order to minimize possible loss of life, injury and property damage.
  5. because; because of; do not fail to commit a good act just because it is small in scale.
  6. † therefore; thus
  7. to use

a person (人) carrying something. It is often simplified to 㠯 in pre-Qin ancient scripts.

4.2

至

To; to reach; to arrive

extreme; most

composition ⿱𠫔土

𠫔

forearm

土

Soil.

4.3

於

In; (indicates time or place) in; at; on

From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃.


4.4

無

  1. to not have something; there is not …;There is no cloud in the sky; I don’t have any change.
  2. Negation particle preceding verbs and adjectives: not, can’t; I want nothing from you.
  3. have not; I didn’t tell him.
  4. Interrogative particle.

A man with something long held in both hands. Dancing. This character is borrowed for “have no”, and the character 舞 is used for the original sense.

4.5

為

For

See 1.1

5DL

 

With unattached action, there is nothing one cannot do

   

5MW

無為而無不為

Do nothing but do nothing

   

5.1

無

 

See 4.4

5.2

為

 

See 1.1

5.3

而

  1. and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives); a great and arduous task
  2. then (connecting two verbs or verb-phrases); and
  3. and yet; but; nevertheless (conjunction indicating concession or contrast); in name but not in reality
  4. to (often used with 自); from top to bottom; top-down
  5. particle between adverbial element and verb to indicate cause, purpose, or manner; to give up halfway; to make an accurate prediction despite its unfortunate nature; particle between two verbs or verb phrases indicating that the first is used adverbially ; to fail to understand (literally, “to be unable to enter by finding the gate”)
  6. modal particle indicating hypothetical condition
  7. modal particle indicating tendency or immediate action

8.(literary) you; your

a beard. Original form of 耏 or 髵.

and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)

5.4

無

 

See 4.4


5.5

不

  1. (preceding verbs and adjectives) not; This is not good; He does not love you.
  2. (between a verb and a complement) can not; I can’t see you;
  3. no (answer to a yes-no question); Are you Japanese? No, I’m not.
  4. Used with 就 (jiù) to indicate the first of two alternatives; Everyday, he either goes to work or volunteers, not leaving any time for rest.
  5. (colloquial) Question particle placed at the end of the sentence.
  6. (colloquial) Intensifying particle often used with 好 (hǎo).
  7. (archaic) Meaningless particle used in poems and other texts.

The character 不 originated as a pictograph of the calyx of a flower. It was then composed into a phono-semantic character with the pictograph for mouth (口), to form 否, representing “no” (negation). This composed meaning then spread back to the original character 不, making it a synonym of 否. A new character of 柎 was eventually created to represent the original meaning of calyx.

Following Shuowen’s interpretation, Karlgren and Wieger interpret it as a bird flying toward the sky (一). The sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.

5.6

為

 

See 1.1

6DL

 

Take the world by constantly applying non-interference

   

6MW

取天下常以無事

Take the world by doing nothing

   


6.1

取

  1. to take; to fetch
  2. to get; to obtain
  3. to receive
  4. to select; to choose

耳 (“ear”) + 又 (“hand”) – often explained as “to take an enemy’s ear and carry it in one’s hand”, following the Shuowen. Note, however, the secondary meaning of 耳 = “handle”.


6.2

天

Days.

1. sky; heavens; heavenly; celestial: sky; It’s getting dark.

2. (mythology or religion) heaven as the abode of the gods or the blessed departed; heavenly; to go up to the sky; to go to heaven; Heaven’s will

3. (mythology or religion) Heaven as an impersonal deity, often translated as God; God; Oh my God!; God helps those who help themselves.

4. top; overhead: footbridge; sunroof

5. weather; climate; weather; If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk.

6. day (24 hours): today; tomorrow; three days

7. † day (as opposed to night): daytime

8. † season: spring, summer, autumn, winter

9. nature: natural disaster

10. natural; innate: nature, personality; genius

A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms (大 (dà)). Ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.


6.3

下

under.

  1. (lower; inferior; located below)
  2. (to go to a lower place)
  3. (to move something to a lower place)
  4. (a short time)
  5. to alight, to get off (a vehicle)

下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.

6.4

常

lasting

  1. normal; general; common
  2. constant; invariable
  3. often; frequently

phonetic 尚 + semantic 巾 (cloth).

The character originally referred to “lower garment”, before being phonetically borrowed to mean “long-lasting; frequently”. The original sense is now represented by the character 裳 (lower garment).

6.5

以

To.

See 4.1

6.6

無

No.

See 4.4

6.7

事

Things

  1. thing; matter
  2. task; work; job; career
  3. misfortune; mishap; accident; incident
  4. (dialectal Hakka, Min Bei) speech; words; language
  5. to serve; to attend to someone
  6. (Beijing, erhua-ed) fussy; pernickety; troublesome

又 (“hand”) + 中 (“flag or hunting weapon”) – flag or hunting weapon in hand > to perform one’s job. Compare 史, 吏.

7DL

及其有事

The one who interferes

   

7MW

及其有事

and what’s wrong with it

   

7.1

及

And.

  1. to reach; to extend to
  2. to catch up to; to reach the level of
  3. to be in time for; in time
  4. and; as well as

人 (person) + 又 (hand) – a hand grabbing a person.

7.2


其

  1. he; she; it; they; one
  2. his; her; its; their
  3. † that; those
  4. † among which; therein
  5. † probably; perhaps
  6. † (particle indicating intention) let, shall, will
  7. † (adverb indicating a rhetorical question)
  8. † (adverb indicating imperative)
  9. † if
  10. † (conjunction indicating a question with choices) or

In the oracle bone script, it was originally 𠀠, a pictogram of a basket. In the bronze inscriptions, 丌 was added under the basket to represent a stand. It may also have acted as a phonetic component.

Later borrowed for an Old Chinese pronoun. The derivative 箕 refers to the original word.

7.3

有

Yes.

  1. to have; to possess (when a subject is present)
  2. there is; to exist (when a subject is absent)
  3. (euphemistic) to be pregnant with a child
  4. abundant; affluent
  5. many; much; (of time) long; (of age) old
  6. some (indefinite pronoun)
  7. (literary or dialectal) Placed before a verb to emphasize that the action has been done.

phonetic 又 (“hand”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – a hand holding meat, hence “in possession of”. The hand shape has been significantly abstracted; compare 右.

Alternatively, the graph was perhaps originally intended for the word 醢 (“minced pickled meat”), which also has the 又 element as phonetic.

7.4

事

Things

  1. thing; matter
  2. task; work; job; career
  3. misfortune; mishap; accident; incident
  4. (dialectal Hakka, Min Bei) speech; words; language
  5. to serve; to attend to someone

(Beijing, erhua-ed) fussy; pernickety; troublesome

又 (“hand”) + 中 (“flag or hunting weapon”) – flag or hunting weapon in hand > to perform one’s job. Compare 史, 吏.

8DL

不足以取天下

is not qualified to take the world

   

8MW

不足以取天下

Not enough to take the world

   

8.1

不

No.

See 5.5

8.2

足

Foot; excessive; to satisfy; to fulfill; satisfied; to satisfy; to stop; to cease; enough; sufficient; not lacking; abundant; affluent

Picture of the calf of the leg on top of the foot.

8.3

以

To.

See 4.1

8.4

取

Take.

See 6.1

8.5

天

Days.

See 6.2

8.6

下

under

See 6.3

Tao Te Ching Chapter 47 Etymology

20/10/27 at 5.44am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Tao Te Ching Chapter 47 Etymology

#

Chinese.Characters

Translations:.Derek.Lin./MS.Word

SmlSealScript

Etymology

1DL

不出戶 知天下

Without going out the door, know the world

   

1MW

不出戶 知天下

Don’t know the world from home.

   


1.1

不

No.

The character 不 originated as a pictograph of the calyx of a flower. It was then composed into a phono-semantic character with the pictograph for mouth (口), to form 否, representing “no” (negation). This composed meaning then spread back to the original character 不, making it a synonym of 否. A new character of 柎 was eventually created to represent the original meaning of calyx.

Following Shuowen’s interpretation, Karlgren and Wieger interpret it as a bird flying toward the sky (一). The sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.

1.2

出

Out

止 (“foot”) + 凵 (“cave”) – to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare 各. Antonym: 入 (rù) an arrowhead indicating “to enter”.

1.3

戶

Households.

half of 門 (“door”).


1.4

知

Know; to know; to understand; to comprehend

phonetic 矢 (arrow) + semantic 口 (mouth).

This may also be an ideogram – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.


1.5

天

Days.

A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms (大 (dà)). Ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.

1.6

下

under.

下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.

2DL

不闚牖 見天道

Without peering out the window, see the Heavenly Tao

   

2MW

不闚牖 見天道

Don’t peep out the lattice window see heaven again.

   

2.1

不

No.

See 1.1

2.2

闚

Peep; flash; flashing; steal look

Original meaning 本义: Meaning to watch, as to watch from a door.

2.3

牖

lattice window

目 (“eye”) + 儿 (“human”) – an eye on a pair of legs. Originally a human figure with a large eye for a head.


2.4

見

See.

an eye on a pair of legs. Originally a human figure with a large eye for a head.

2.5

天

Days.

See 1.5

2.6

道

Road.

Phono-semantic compound: semantic 辵 (walking) + phonetic 首

C

道

Dào

Road.

S

辵

Chuò

walking

P

首

Shǒu

First.

3DL

其出彌遠

The further one goes

   

3MW

其出彌遠

It’s a long way off.

   


3.1

其

Its; it is; he; she; it; they; one

In the oracle bone script, it was originally 𠀠, a pictogram of a basket. In the bronze inscriptions, 丌 was added under the basket to represent a stand. It may also have acted as a phonetic component.

Later borrowed for an Old Chinese pronoun. The derivative 箕 refers to the original word.

3.2

出

Out

止 (“foot”) + 凵 (“cave”) – to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare 各. Antonym: 入 (rù) an arrowhead indicating “to enter”.


3.3

彌

extensive, full; fill; complete

semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾

弓

pictographic representation of a bow.

爾

cloth on a loom, with threads crossing – original form of 檷 (loom). Used phonetically.

3.4

遠

Far; distant; remote; not intimate; distant; profound

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

semantic 辵 (walk) + phonetic 袁

辵

walk

袁

clothing

4DL

其知彌少

The less one knows

   

4MW

其知彌少

It knows very little.

   

4.1

其

 

See 3.1

4.2

知

 

See 1.4

4.3

彌

extensive, full; fill; complete

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

See 3.3

4.4

少

Less; few; little in number; not many

four dots; few; little. Compare 小 (small), which is depicted by three dots.

5DL

是以聖人

Therefore the sage

   

5MW

是以聖人

is a saint.

   

5.1

是

Is; this; this thing; thus

Originally a phono-semantic compound: semantic 早 + phonetic 止, but the original meaning is unclear. It has been suggested that 早 looks like a spoon, so 是 may have been the original character for 匙 (spoon). As early as in late bronze inscriptions, the lower part of 早 split off and combined with 止 to give 昰, which carried over to the small seal script, and Shuowen considers this a compound of 日 (sun) + 正 (upright; right) (i.e. as the upright sun).

5.2

以

To.

a person (人) carrying something. It is often simplified to 㠯 in pre-Qin ancient scripts.

5.3

聖

Evolved; holy, sacred

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

semantic 耳 (ear) + phonetic 呈

The bottom component must not be confused with 壬 or 王.

耳

ear

呈

present

5.4

人

People.

side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.

         

6DL

不行而知

Knows without going

   

6MW

不行而知

I don’t know.

   

6.1

不

No

See 1.1

6.2

行

Yes; (literary or dialectal) to walk

a street intersection.

Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.


6.3

而

And.

a beard. Original form of 耏 or 髵.

and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)

6.4

知

Know.

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

See 1.4

7DL

不見而名

Names without seeing

   

7MW

不見而名

Not by name.

   

7.1

不

No

See 1.1

7.2

見

See.

See 2.4

7.3

而

And.

See 6.3

7.4

名

Name; reputation; fame

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

夕 (crescent moon) + 口 (mouth) — to say one’s own name to identify oneself in the dark.

An alternative theory has been proposed based on Shang era texts. 口 was originally used to write both 口 and 名. 夕 standing for what later came to be written 明, was added as a phonetic indicator to disambiguate the two meanings.

8DL

不為而成

Achieves without striving

   

8MW

不為而成

Not for it.

   

8.1

不

No

See 1.1

8.2

為

For; the activity; standard

Simplified from 爲. In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound: 又 (hand) + 象 (elephant) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (hand; claw). Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque.

8.3

而

And.

See 6.3

8.4

成

Yes; to succeed; finish; complete; accomplish wholeness

A picture containing shape

Description automatically generated

Phono-semantic compound:semantic 戊 + phonetic丁. Etymology: Cognate with 盛 (“to hold with a receptacle”), 城 (city wall; city), 盛 (abundant; flourishing).

Tao Te Ching Chapter 46 Etymology

20/10/17 at 7.25pm   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Etymology

# Chinese.Characters Translation:.Derek.Lin./.MS.Word Sml.Seal.Script Etymology
1DL When the world has the Tao
1MW 天下有道 There is a way in the world.

1.1
天 Days. A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms (大 (dà)). Ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.

1.2
下 under. 下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.
1.3 有 Yes. phonetic 又 (“hand”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – a hand holding meat, hence “in possession of”. The hand shape has been significantly abstracted; compare 右.Alternatively, the graph was perhaps originally intended for the word 醢 (“minced pickled meat”), which also has the 又 element as phonetic.

1.4
道 Road. Phono-semantic compound: semantic 辵 (walking) + phonetic 首

C 道 Dào Road.
S 辵 Chuò walking
P 首 Shǒu First.
2DL Fast horses are retired to fertilize the grounds
2MW 卻走馬以糞 But walk the horse to dung.
2.1 卻 But; retreat; retired; to retreat after kneeling phonetic 𧮫 + semantic 卩.

𧮫 palate; uraniscus; roof of mouth
卩 a kneeling person; seal
2.2 走 Go: to run; to jog 夭 (young, running man) + 止 (foot) –
a running man. The top component (夭) simplified to the unrelated 土.
Feet 止 on the ground 土.

2.3
馬 Horse. Pictogram (象形) – a horse with its head facing the left, showing a flowing mane in the wind. In the bronze inscriptions, the head was often simplified into an eye (目). The legs eventually evolved into four dots (灬, unrelated to 火).
Contrast with 鹿 (deer), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (as in 薦), which is a hybrid: it has the legs of 馬 (灬) but the head of 鹿.
“Horse” – from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. The sense of “big” is derived from “horse”; compare the English uses of horse.
For the insect prefix sense, see 螞. It has converged with the sense of “big”.
2.4 以 To. a person (人) carrying something. It is often simplified to 㠯 in pre-Qin ancient scripts.
2.5 糞 Manure. Two hands with a dustpan: 釆 + 𠦒 + 廾

釆 to distinguish; to discriminate
𠦒 sieve, basket
廾 𠂇 (left hand) + 又 (right hand), both
3DL When the world lacks the Tao
3MW 天下無道 There is no way in the world.
3.1 天 Days; heaven See 1.1
3.2 下 under. See 1.2
3.3 無 No; lacks A man with something long held in both hands. Dancing. This character is borrowed for “have no”, and the character 舞 is used for the original sense.
3.4 道 Road; Tao See 1.4
4DL Warhorses must give birth on the battlefield
4MW 戎馬生於郊 Yuma (The army horse) was born on the outskirts.
4.1 戎 Rong; war; weapons composition ⿹戈𠂇 or ⿻戊一

戈 dagger-axe (an ancient Chinese weapon similar to a halberd)
𠂇 – a left hand. 又 flipped.

or

戊 A halberd.
一 one
4.2 馬 Horse. See 2.3
4.3 生 life. Ideogrammic compound: 屮 (bud) + 一 (ground) – sprouting from the ground.

4.4
於 In; at, on; interjection alas! From an ancient variant form of 烏.
Not related to 方 or 㫃.
4.5 郊 Jiao; suburbs; outskirts; open spaces; waste land composition ⿰交阝

交 a human with crossed legs
阝 abundant
5DL There is no crime greater than greed
5MW 罪莫大於可欲 Sin is no greater than desire.
5.1 罪 Sin; crime; vice; hardship; suffering; fault 罒 (net) + 非 (mistake).
to get the nose cut off with a chisel

5.2
莫 Mo; none; nothing; not anything; do not the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (dusk).
The bottom was later distorted into 大.
sun goes down lost in the grass 茻
sun goes down stars 𦬠 come out

5.3
大 Big. a person 人 with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large.
5.4 於 In. See 4.4
5.5 可 No, you can. Phono-semantic compound: semantic 口 + phonetic 丂. From Proto-Sino-Tibetan ⪤ (back (lower); kidney; load; carry). Cognate with 荷 to carry).

5.6
欲 want to. Phono-semantic compound: phonetic + semantic .
Etymology Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese လို (“to want; to desire”).
6DL No disaster greater than discontentment
6MW 禍莫大於不知足 The scourge is greater than not knowing enough.
6.1 禍 Disaster; misfortune; calamity; to bring disaster upon semantic 示 (sacrifice) + phonetic 咼

示 sacrifice
咼 name of an ancient state
6.2 莫 Mo. See 5.2
6.3 大 Big. See 5.3
6.4 於 In. See 4.4
6.5 不 No. The character 不 originated as a pictograph of the calyx of a flower. It was then composed into a phono-semantic character with the pictograph for mouth (口), to form 否, representing “no” (negation). This composed meaning then spread back to the original character 不, making it a synonym of 否. A new character of 柎 was eventually created to represent the original meaning of calyx.
Following Shuowen’s interpretation, Karlgren and Wieger interpret it as a bird flying toward the sky (一). The sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.

6.6
知 Know; to know; to understand; to comprehend phonetic 矢 (arrow) + semantic 口 (mouth).
This may also be an ideogram – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.

6.7
足 Foot; excessive; to satisfy; to fulfill; satisfied; to satisfy; to stop; to cease; enough; sufficient; not lacking; abundant; affluent Picture of the calf of the leg on top of the foot.
7DL No fault greater than avarice
7MW 咎莫大於欲得 The blame is greater than the desire.
7.1 咎 Blame; fault; defect; error; mistake
calamity; misfortune
夂 + 人, with 口 later added.

夂 two legs (𠂊) followed by something from behind (㇏) – to approach from behind;
the knot at the end of a cord.
人 side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.
7.2 莫 Mo. See 5.2
7.3 大 Big. See 5.3
7.4 於 In. See 4.4
7.5 欲 want to. See 5.6
7.6 得 Come on; gain The ancient form of 得 is 㝵, composed of 貝 (“cowry”) + 又 (“hand”) — to pick up a cowry > to obtain valuables. A component 彳 was sometimes added to show that the cowry was picked up on the road.
8DL Thus the satisfaction of contentment
8MW 故知足之足 So contentment.
8.1 故 So; old; of the past; cause; reason phonetic 古 + semantic 攵.
Derivative of 古 (old). The sense “cause, reason” may be related to (thing or person of former times), or the same word as 固 (solid, secure, sure) (Schuessler 2007, apud Pulleyblank 1989).
8.2 知 Know. See 6.6
8.3 足 Foot. See 6.7
8.4 之 of the . Ideogrammic compound: 止 (“foot”) + 一 (the beginning place) – meaning “to go”.
8.5 足 Foot. See 6.7
9DL is the lasting satisfaction
9MW 常足矣 It’s always enough.
9.1 常 normal; general; common; constant; invariable; often; frequently; lasting phonetic 尚 + semantic 巾 (cloth).
The character originally referred to “lower garment”, before being phonetically borrowed to mean “long-lasting; frequently”. The original sense is now represented by the character 裳 (lower garment).
9.2 足 Foot. See 6.7
9.3 矣 I don’t know: do not, is not, can not; negative phonetic 㠯 + semantic 矢 (arrow).
矢 may also act as a phonetic component.
the arrow hits its mark and stops and the victim says 㠯 (mouth speaking)

Tao Te Ching 45 Modified and Extended

20/10/04 at 7.34am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Tao Te Ching 45 Modified and Extended

#

Small Seal Script

Wang Bi Original Character Translation

Modified

1

(1) great (2) wholeness (3) appears (4) lacking.

Great wholeness appears lacking

2

(5) it is (6) in use (7) in- (8) corruptible

it is in use in-corruptible

3

(1) great (2) fullness (3) appears (4) overflowing

Great fullness appears overflowing

4

(5) it is (6) in use (7) without (8) limit

it is in use without limit

5

(1) great (2) stature (3) appears (4) humbled

Great stature appears humbled

     

it is in use undiminished

6

(5) great (6) timing (7) appears (8) clumsy

Great timing appears clumsy

     

it is in use not imperfect

7

(9) great (10) debate (11) appears (12) inarticulate

Great debate appears inarticulate

     

it is in use never devolving

8

(1) agitation (2) overcomes (3) the cold

Agitation overcomes the cold

9

(4) stillness (5) overcomes (6) heat

Stillness overcomes heat

10

(7) clarity (8) [in] tranquility (9) the activity (10) [in] heaven (11) below (12) to right things

Clarity [in] tranquility the activity [in] heaven below to right things

Tao Te Ching Chapter 45 Etymology

20/10/03 at 9.34am   /   by Pat Der Sin   /   0 Comment

Etymology Mandarin to Small Seal Script

SSS = Small Seal Script

 # Chinese.Chars Derek.Lin.hapter.Translation.TTC45 SSS Etymology
1 大成若缺 Great perfection seems flawed
1.1 大 Big; great a person 人 with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large.
1.2 成 Yes; to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish wholeness Phono-semantic compound: semantic 戊 + phonetic丁. Etymology: Cognate with 盛 (“to hold with a receptacle”), 城 (city wall; city), 盛 (abundant; flourishing).
1.3 若 If; to be obedient to; compliant; to trim vegetables; to choose; appears a person combing their hair; obedient.
1.4 缺 Lack; incomplete; uncompleted; deficient; imperfect; flawed; to lack; to be short of; to be absent; lacking semantic 缶 (“earthen pot”) + phonetic 夬.

缶 earthen pot
夬 resolute
1.4.1 earthen pot or jar for storing an alcoholic drink musical instrument for ritual music earthen pot
1.4.2 resolute resolute
2 其用不弊 Its function is without failure
2.1 其 Its; it is; he; she; it; they; one In the oracle bone script, it was originally 𠀠, a pictogram of a basket. In the bronze inscriptions, 丌 was added under the basket to represent a stand. It may also have acted as a phonetic component. Later borrowed for an Old Chinese pronoun. The derivative 箕 refers to the original word.
2.2 用 Use, in use; to use; to employ; to operate a water bucket. Compare 桶.
2.3 不 No, in-; not The character 不 originated as a pictograph of the calyx of a flower. It was then composed into a phono-semantic character with the pictograph for mouth (口), to form 否, representing “no” (negation). This composed meaning then spread back to the original character 不, making it a synonym of 否. A new character of 柎 was eventually created to represent the original meaning of calyx. Following Shuowen’s interpretation, Karlgren and Wieger interpret it as a bird flying toward the sky (一). The sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.
2.4 弊 Disadvantages; corruptible; fraud; harm; malpractice; deceit; drawback; defect phonetic 敝 + semantic 廾

敝 worn-out; shabby; tattered; decayed; corrupted; tired; fatigued; to fail; to be defeated; to break; to destroy
廾 𠂇 (left hand) + 又 (right hand), hence both hands.
3 大盈若沖 Great fullness seems empty
3.1 大 great See 1.1
3.2 盈 Surplus; fullness 夃 (exceed/augment) + 皿 (vessel) – to add too much (liquid) to a vessel.

夃 exceed/augment
皿 vessel
3.3 若 If; seems See 1.3
3.4 沖 Rushed; to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash; overflowing semantic 氵 (water) + phonetic 中

氵 water
中 Middle, center
4 其用不窮 Its function is without exhaustion
4.1 其 its See 2.1
4.2 用 Use, function; a water bucket. Compare 桶.
4.3 不 without See 2.3
4.4 窮 Poor; exhaustion; limit semantic 穴 (cave; nest; confinement) + phonetic 躬

穴 cave; nest; confinement
躬 body; oneself; in person; personally; to stoop
5 大直若屈 Great straightness seems bent
5.1 大 Great See 1.1
5.2 直 Straightness; Straight. 目 (eye) + 丨 (vertical stroke) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead. The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.
5.3 若 seems See 1.3
5.4 屈 Bent; to bend; to flex; crooked; to crouch Simplified from 𡲶.
6 大巧若拙 Great skill seems unrefined
6.1 大 Great See 1.1
6.2 巧 skill; technique; ingenious; skillful; timing composition ⿰工丂

工 work
丂 Walking cane
6.3 若 seems See 1.3
6.4 拙 clumsy. semantic 扌 (hand) + phonetic 出

扌 hand
出 out.
7 大辯若訥 Great eloquence seems inarticulate
7.1 大 Great See 1.1
7.2 辯 Argue; eloquence phonetic 辡 + semantic 言 (“say”).

辡 recrimination; wrangling
言 say
7.3 若 seems See 1.3
7.4 訥 Inarticulate; slow speech, stammer composition ⿰訁内

訁 words
内 inside.
8 躁勝寒 Movement overcomes cold
8.1 躁 Movement; irritable; impetuous; composition ⿰𧾷喿

𧾷 口 (open mouth) + 止 (foot)
喿 品 (3 birds) + 木 (tree)
8.2 勝 Overcomes ; Wins; exhaustively; entirely; completely; victory phonetic 朕 + semantic 力

朕 舟 (boat) + 丨 (item)
力 two hands
8.3 寒 cold 宀 (“house”) + 人 (“person”) + 茻 (“grass”) –A person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, 二 is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, 二 is changed to 仌 (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.
9 靜勝熱 Stillness overcomes heat
9.1 靜 Stillness; still; motionless; quiet; silent; devoid of noise; gentle semantic 青 + phonetic 爭

青 生 (growth of plants) + 丹 (cinnabar)
爭 two hands on a plowshare
9.2 勝 overcomes See 8.2
9.3 熱 heat phonetic 埶 + semantic 灬 (fire)

埶 semantic
灬 fire
10 清靜為天下正 Clear quietness is the standard of the world
10.1 清 Clear; clarity semantic 氵 (water) + phonetic 青

氵 water
青 生 (growth of plants) + 丹 (cinnabar)
10.2 靜 Quietness; in tranquility See 9.1
10.3 為 For; the activity; standard Simplified from 爲. In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound: 又 (hand) + 象 (elephant) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (hand; claw). Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque.
10.4 天 Days; in heaven; world A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms (大 (dà)). Ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.
10.5 下 Under; below 下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.
10.6 正 Is; to right things phonetic 丁 + semantic 止 (foot) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (to go on long campaign).

丁 a city wall or a head or a nail
止 foot

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